1  Introduction

1.1  What is TeX-Math

TeX-Math defines the subset of LaTeX that is supported by EquationServer for .NET and SciWriter. It includes most of standard math commands and environments of LaTeX and AMS LaTeX.

2  Mathematical Expressions

2.1  Subscripts and Superscripts

Examples 

The prime symbol will automatically be superscripted:

2.2  Fractions

Examples 

Display Style fractions inside a text style environment can be created with the \dfrac command.

Examples 

Text Style fractions inside a display style environment can be created with the \tfrac command.

Examples 

2.3  Binomial Coefficients

Examples 

Display Style binomial coefficients inside a text style environment can be created with the \dbinom command.

Examples 

Text Style binomial coefficients inside a display style environment can be created with the \tbinom command.

Examples 

2.4  Square Roots and n-th Roots

Examples 

2.5  Functions

There are two types of functions:

1. Functions without limits, such as \sin (See 2.5.1)
2. Functions with limits, such as \lim (See 2.5.2)

2.5.1  Functions without Limits

Table 2.1:  Functions without Limits

2.5.2  Functions with Limits

Table 2.2:  Functions with Limits

2.6  Integral Signs, Sums and Other

Symbols that will be larger in display style (LaTeX: \displaystyle) than in text style (LaTeX: \textstyle) are listed in table 2.3.

Table 2.3:  Large Operators

2.7  Lower And Upper Limits

The large operators (such as integral signs, sums and other), as defined in section 2.6, as well as the mathematical functions with limits, as defined in section 2.5.2, can optionally have upper and/or lower limits. Those optional limits can be specified with "^" (Superscript) and "_" (Subscript) respectively. In display mode, these limits will be shown above and below the operator symbol. In text mode however these limits will be shown as superscripts and subscripts.

Examples 

Use the \nolimits command if you wish to show the limits of large operators (or functions with limits) as subscripts and superscripts in display style.

Examples 

Use the \limits command if you wish to show the limits of large operators below and above the operator symbol in text style.

Examples 

2.7.1  Multiline Limits

Large operators sometimes need multiline limits, which can be typeset with the \substack command. The command \\ is used to separate lines inside the stack.

Examples 

The lines are centered by \substack command. To get multiline limits with left aligned lines you can use the subarray environment.

Examples 

2.8  Stacking Symbols

Examples 

2.9  Delimiters

Table 2.4:  Delimiters

2.9.1  Delimiters of Variable Size

Using the commands \left and \right in combination with delimiters chosen from table 2.4 it is possible to construct a pair of delimiters of variable size (stretchy).

Examples 

2.9.2  Delimiters of Fixed Size

Using the commands \big, \Big, \bigg and \Bigg in combination with a delimiter chosen from table 2.4 it is possible to produce delimiters of a larger size than the standard size.

Examples 

2.10  Math Accents

Table 2.5:  Accents

2.11  Stretchable Horizontal Lines

2.11.1  Horizontal Braces

Examples 

2.11.2  Overlines and Underlines

Examples 

2.11.3  Stretchable Arrows

Examples 

Examples 

3  Text in Math

Text inside math environment can be included with the \mbox or \text command.

Examples 

To use one of the special characters &, $, {, }, _, #, ^, ~ or % in a text environment it is required to type a backslash before the symbol.

4  Spacing Commands

Table 4.1:  Spacing Commands

4.1  The "phantom" Command

The \phantom command produces a space in a formula equivalent to the space that would be occupied by its typeset argument.

Examples 

5  Font Style and Font Size

5.1  Font Size

Table 5.1 shows the commands that can be used to change the font size directly.

Table 5.1:  Font Size Commands

Additionally there are the commands listed in table 5.2 which change the style parameters display style and the script level of an expression.

Table 5.2:  Font Size Commands

5.2  Font Style (Font Families)

6  Arrays and Matricies

6.1  Matricies

The matrix environment creates a matrix with centered table cells.

Examples 

The array environment allows to define the column alignment (l= left aligned, c= centered, r = right aligned) and to insert vertical column lines in a second argument. Horizontal lines between rows can be inserted with the \hline command.

Examples 

6.2  Matrix Variants

The environments pmatrix, bmatrix, Bmatrrix, vmatrix and Vmatrix create a matrix with surrounding delimiters as shown in table 6.1.

Table 6.1:  Matrix Commands

6.3  Cases

The cases environment produces an matrix with left aligned columns and a left brace of variable size.

Examples 

7  Multiline Environment

The multiline environment can be used to create multiline equations.

Examples 

8  Mathematical Symbols

Hebrew Letters

Greek Lowercase

Greek Uppercase

Binary Relations

AMS Binary Relations

Negated Binary Relations

Binary Operators

Arrows

AMS Arrows

Miscellaneous Symbols

Delimiters

Dots

Escapable Special Characters

Copyright 2007 soft4science Bernhard Keil